Abstract: Objective　To identify the risk factors associated with perioperative respiratory adverse events in children undergoing tracheobronchial foreign body removal. Methods A total of 263 children undergoing tracheobronchial foreign body removal by rigid bronchoscopy were selected and divided into two groups, complication group and non-complication group, according to whether the intraoperative and postoperative (within 24 h) respiratory serious complications occurred. Furthermore, comparisons were performed between two groups in past medical history, rate of preoperative respiratory infection, duration of foreign body retention, types of foreign body, operation time and anesthetic effects. The independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of perioperative respiratory adverse events were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 263 patients included, 31(11.8%) developed respiratory adverse events. Compared with non-complication group, children in complication group had higher rate of preoperative respiratory infection, longer duration of foreign body retention, longer time of operation and higher rate of poor anesthetic effects, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors associated with perioperative respiratory adverse events were poor anesthesia effects (OR=11.07, 95%CI: 3.16~38.75), preoperative respiratory infection (OR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.04~8.59) and longer time of operation (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.00~1.14). Conclusions If children who underwent tracheobronchial foreign body removal had poor anesthesia effects, preoperative respiratory infection and long operation time, the occurrence of perioperative respiratory adverse events was likely to be increased, so appropriate preventive measures should be adopted.